^X^F(filename) - find a file (then you can put in the name of
the file you want to find) and load it into a new emacs
buffer.
^X^V(filename) - visit a file (use the same buffer you are
currently in, deleting the buffer's current contents.)
^Xi - insert a file in the buffer at this point.
^G - abort (quit) the currently running command.
^X^S - save this buffer into its file.
^X^C - get you out of emacs (kills emacs.) Will ask if you
want any of the unsaved buffers saved.
^Z - stops emacs (keeps emacs around: reenter via "%emacs".)
^L - redraws the screen.
^Hm - describe the current mode (this is useful in Rmail
mode to describe all the different keybindings.)
M-< - go to the top of the buffer.
M-> - go to the bottom of the buffer.
^X2 - display two windows.
^X4f - find a file in another window. This splits you
into two windows.
^Xo - switch between two windows (i.e. go to other window.)
^X1 - display only one window (this window.)
^X0 - (0 is the digit 0) display only one window (other
window.)
^Xb(buffer name) - switch to buffer.
^Xk(buffer name) - kills that buffer (this is very different
from ^X0 as it actually kills the buffer instead of just removing it
from your display.)
Special modes will be entered if the filename extension is correct,
e.g. you will be in scribe mode if the file extension is .mss,
TEX mode if the extension is .tex or .latex.
Emacs has special modes for reading and sending mail. You can enter
RMail by either typing emacs -f rmail to the shell or
typeing M-x rmail once you are in emacs.
Most of the commands are different from the normal emacs commands.
Here are some useful commands in Rmail mode (type ^Hm to find
out about all the possible commands.)
p - show me the previous message.
You can now start an alias file, listing groups of poeple who
should get the smae message, i.e.
Just use the defined alias at the To: prompt when sending mail.
The message you want to send will go to all of the people in this file
listed under "friends".
You may have many aliases in the .mailrc file. Each definition goes
on a separate line.
To print a copy of a man page, type
apropos {subject} or man -k {subject} lists all manual
pages dealing with subject (searches an index of manual
pages.)
Emacs RMail
Note: Most users use Netscape or Outlook/Outlook Express to
read their mail, since these tools are, well, better than
emacs' rmail mode. However, if you want to use a terminal-based
mail reader, and are too tough to use "pine", here's emacs' "rmail mode"
n - show me the next message.
d - label the current message as deleted (see the e, s,
and q commands for expunging messages.)
m - send a message (this goes into the mode for sending mail.)
Send with ^C^C. See below.
M-1r - reply to the current message and copy everyone else on
its "cc" list.
f - forward the current message to someone else (goes into the
mode for sending mail.)
^C^C - send out the message I just wrote (on in the mode for
sending mail.)
g - get new mail that has arrived since entering RMail.
o(Filename) - save the current message into another RMail
format file. Don't print these mail files, see the next
command.
^O(Filename) - save the current message into a unix mail format
file. This can then be printed out using lpr.
e - expunge deleted messages.
s - expunge deleted messages, and save the RMail file. This
should be done any time you move to another buffer, or ^Z out
of emacs so that you don't lose any messages if the system
crashed.
^Xo, ^X1, ^G, ^Xk, and ^X^C - are all useful in RMail mode.
See above for explaination.
h - show me a summary of all the headers of the messages in my
mail file. his is called mail-summary mode. When you are in
the mail summary window, you can use the following commands to see
things, get rid of them, etc.
n - move to next undeleted message
p - move to previous undeleted message.
^N - move to next message.
^P - move to previous message.
j - jump to the message at the cursor location.
d - delete the message at the cursor location and move to the
next message.
u - undelete the message or previously deleted message.
x - exit and kill the summary window.
space - scroll message in other window forward.
delete - scroll message backward.
Alias files
If you are in the habit of sending one message to a specific group of
people, you should have an alias file. In order to do this, at
the prompt type emacs .mailrc.
alias friends thompson@cs.rutgers.edu, perrotta@athos
make sure you put the system the person can be reached on and a comma
after each name until you get to the end. Do not put a comma at the
end of the last name.Help
There are online manual pages for almost every function. To get the
man page for any subject, type man {subject}.
man {subject} | lpr
more /usr/man/whatis
this lists all of the manuals available (this is what apropos
uses.)Shell Commands
^U - erase what you've typed so far on the current command
line.
jobs - shows any processes you are running in the background or
stopped.
fg - used to restart your emacs or any stopped jobed, if you
stop a job.
When you are ready to log out, and you get a message There are
stopped jobs, type fg and exit the normal way.
from - who is any new mail I have from.
ls - list the directory.
ls -a - shows all your files, including those starting with '.'
(i.e. a period.)
ls -lg(Name of file) - show long format directory listing for
specified file including group ownership.
cp (filename) (newfilename) - copy an old file to a new
file.
cat (filename) >> (name of another file) - appends one
file to another file.
mv (filename) (name of directory) - move a file to a
subdirectory.
more (filename) - show the input (in this case, filename), a
screenful at a time.
ls -l | more - give a long listing of the directory, a
screenful at a time.
lpr (filename) - to print on default printer
lpr -Plp16 (filename) - to print to a specific printer. (In
this case, lp16.)
lpr -#3 -Plp7 (filename) - to print three copies of a file on
lp7.
lpr -S (filename) - print singlesided when using a doublesided
printer.
mpage -l -Plp7 (filename) - to print files in landscape style
(horizontal) on postscript printer.
printers - lists printers available on the machine.
!(first letter of last command) - to repeat the last command
(only with csh and tcsh).
!! - repeat the last command given.
Making Subdirectories in your directory
cd - gets you back to your home directory.
mkdir Memos - make me a new subdirectory which I want tobe
called Memos and in which I can put files.
cd Memos - connect me to the subdirectory Memos.
pwd - print my working directory (the one I am in.)
rmdir (directoryname) - remove the named directory.
Changing Mode of File
chmod g+rw (filename) - change the protections of a file or
directory. In this example, it gives the group read and write
access.
chgrp (groupname) (filename) - change group on a file.
Still more commands
who - who is on the computer now.
finger (username) - find someone on this machine.
finger (username@hostname) - find someone on specified
machine.
groups - shows you which groups you are in.
write (username) - write someone a note quickly without getting
into mail. Use ^D to finish. Each line will show up on their
terminal as you type CR (carriage return -- note that the
recipient must be logged onto the same machine you are for this to
work.)
talk (username@hostname) - talk to someone - they can talk
back. A ^C gets you out.
File Transfers
ftp - to move files from one system to another. e.g. aramis to
remus.
ftp remus - will show you how to get an ftp prompt and you will
be asked to log in.
cd (name of subdirectory on remote machine) - if you wish to
change your working directory to a subdirectory.
send (filename) - sends the file to the remote machine from the
directory to which you are connected.
get (filename) - gets the file from the remote machine; puts
the copied file in your current directory with the same
filename.
bye - to close the connection to the other machine and exit
ftp.
To read Network News
Netnews can currently be read via netscape or outlook express.
The LCSR news machines is news-lcsr.rutgers.edu. When asked
to authenticate yourself, you can use "username@hostname", where
"username" is your username, and "hostname" is "remus", "paul",
or "aramis", depending on what cluster of machines your account
is active on.